Anterior segment surgery
It focuses on the anterior segment of the eye which includes the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens.
Cataracts and refractive surgery
As most of the general eye doctor called ophthalmologists to perform cataract surgery on a regular basis, this is not a sub-specialization in the sense that the others are. However, it is a distinct field of ophthalmology. Ophthalmologists with this sub-specialization commonly perform refractive surgery, which aims to correct refractive errors in the eye (surgery to remove eyeglass). Eye doctors who are specialized in refractive surgery are called Refractive Surgeon.
Cornea and External Disease
It is the speciality focused in Conjunctiva, Sclera, cornea and Eyelid disorders. The common problem such as Dry eye, conjunctivitis corneal ulcer, red eye due to Episcleritis and Scleritis is treated by these specialists.
Glaucoma
The subspecialty of ophthalmology focus on treating glaucoma by lowering intraocular pressure and prevent from visual field defect due to optic nerve damage.
Neuro-ophthalmology
This Neuro-ophthalmology subspecialty is the combination of about nerve-related (neurological) and ophthalmic conditions, such as disease of the optic nerve which cause disrupts visual ability.
Ocular oncology
Ocular oncology is the subspecialty which deals with the treatment of eye cancer.
Oculoplastic and orbit surgery
It focuses on cosmetic surgery, reconstruction, Nasolacrimal passage surgery and orbital surgery.
Paediatrics
Deals with treating eye disorder related to the children. It is focused on children’s eye care. This specialist is known as the pediatric ophthalmologist (Children’s eye doctor).
Uveitis and immunology
Deals with iris, ciliary body, and choroid related disease of the eye and immune state.
Vitreo Retina
Deals with disease related to vitreous and Retina. The eye doctor specialized in surgery of this subspecialty is known as Vitreo Retina Surgeon. Due to emerging Non-communicable disease in the world such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, these subspecialty has greater scope in the developed country. Diabetes Retinopathy is also a leading cause for the burden of blindness in eye health.
Ophthalmic pathology
Deals with both ophthalmology and pathology.
