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Ocular Pharmacology, Drug Delivery in Eyes
Ocular Pharmacology: Introduction of drugs used in Eyes Author: Dr Gyanendra Lamichhane, MD, Lumbini Eye InstitutePharmacodynamics It is the biological and therapeutic effect of the drug (mechanism of action)The most drugs act by…
Understanding and looking after a retinoscope and trial lens set
Author: Ismael Cordero Clinical Engineer, Philadelphia, USA.Retinoscopy: Retinoscopy is the use of a retinoscope to measure a patient’s refractive error. Retinoscopy is an objective method of refraction in which the patient does not need to…
Let’s Talk about Glaucoma Starting Today, Types of Glaucoma, Risk, Test, Treatment
Let's Talk about Glaucoma Starting Today!Glaucoma is a kind of eye disease in which the nerve of the eye is completely damaged. The vision loss in glaucoma starts from the periphery to the centre finally makes a person blind. The main cause…
Basics of Retinoscopy : Retinoscopy Clinical Hints Step by Step
Retinoscopy Clinical Hints A Retinoscope objectively determines the Sphero-Cylindrical Refractive error and irregular Astigmatism, and also evaluate Opacities and irregularities of the Cornea and Lens.Most Retinoscope today use a Streak…
Whether to treat Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma suspect or not to treat (Debatable issue)
Ocular Hypertension or Glaucoma suspect A patient with Intraocular pressure (IOP) above the normal range (11 -21 mmHg) without any reported visual field or optic disc changes characteristic for glaucoma.To cut it short in points,…
Frequently asked questions by patients to an Eye Doctors
For how long do I need to use my glasses?
Small power on the lenses of the spectacle is not a thing to worry about. It may subside likely but uncertain. For thicker lenses, you probably need to wear glasses for a lifetime. Glasses make…
Myotonic Dystrophy: Systemic and Ocular manifestations, Investigation, and treatment
Myotonic dystrophy:UncommonAD dystrophyA triple repeat of MDPK geneThe pathognomonic feature is the failure of muscle relaxation after contraction.( Myotonic grip ). To check, ask the patient to shake handsOcular Manifestations…
The watery eye, its common cause, and step wise approach
Watery eye is a common complaint, particularly in the elderly population. It ranges from the transient and trivial (associated with a local irritant) to the permanent and disabling.Step wise approach for watery…
Ptosis: Clinical stepwise approach for examining the lids
Hints for Your clinical stepwise approach for examining the lids(with particular regard to Ptosis):1. Shake hands to exclude myotonia (Note slow release of grip)2. Observe:3. Face for asymmetry4. Brow for overactive frontalisGlobes for…
Facts about Phacoemulsification on Uveitic patients
Phacoemulsification:It is a modern cataract surgical technique, which is a sutureless and most popular method of extracapsular cataract extraction. It needs very small (about 3 mm) corneoscleral incision. In this technique Nucleus of the…