Ophthalmology and Optometry Notes

Pediatric eye examination           Age Type of test Example of test 3-12 months Preferential looking Keeler cards 1-3 years Vanishing optotypes (looking and/or naming) Cardiff cards…

Cycloplegic and mydriatic eye drops are important dMuscles within the eye control the size of the pupil and the diameter of the ciliary ring. Drugs that cause an increase in the diameter of the pupil or dilatation are called as Mydriatics.…

How to make an eye pad and eye shields? Eye patching pad is used for comfort, and an eye shield is used for protecting the eyeball. Eye Pad: Reasons for applying an eye pad are to ‘rest’ the eyes, to aid healing non-penetrating trauma…

ACACIOL AION ALTAPDARMD ALT ET ALT XT ASC ARC Anterior chamber Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Argon laser trabeculoplasty Afferent pupillary defect Age-related macular…

Grading in ophthalmology is an important tool to grade the eye diseases severity. The grading system develops over time, These grading systems in ophthalmology are useful for resident doctors, postgraduate students, optometrist, ophthalmic…

Pinhole Visual Acuity knew as Pinhole Vision is an important examination tool in the field of ophthalmology and optometry. What is Pinhole? The pinhole is an eye shield with several small holes or one hole that allow light rays…

Ocular Pharmacology: Introduction of drugs used in Eyes Author: Dr Gyanendra Lamichhane, MD, Lumbini Eye InstitutePharmacodynamics It is the biological and therapeutic effect of the drug (mechanism of action)The most drugs act by…

What Is Avastin? Avastin is the trade name for the drug bevacizumab. It belongs to a group of drugs called monoclonal antibodies Many diseases of the eye, such as age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and diabetic retinopathy, damage…

What is the lacrimal syringing test? Syringing is a procedure for testing the patency of the lacrimal drainage system. Normal saline (NS) is injected into the nasolacrimal drainage system through the upper or lower punctum and patency will…

Rings in Ophthalmology is very important for diagnosis of disease by using specific ring names. It is also frequently asked questions in any ophthalmology exams. Rings in ophthalmology that means rings in eyes were mainly seen on three…